使用带有固定位置标题的 scrollIntoView

编辑： 虽然不太兼容（不兼容 IE）， scroll-margin-top 也会解决这个问题，如 Arye Eidelman's answer 中所述。

您可以使用 CSS 解决此问题，方法是对要滚动到的元素应用 padding-top 和负数 margin-top 。

Demo

// For demo only, no JS needed for the solution
document.querySelector('.scroll-to-working-inline').addEventListener('click', function() {
  document.querySelector('.working-inline').scrollIntoView();
});

document.querySelector('.scroll-to-working-block').addEventListener('click', function() {
  document.querySelector('.working-block').scrollIntoView();
});

document.querySelector('.scroll-to-broken').addEventListener('click', function() {
  document.querySelector('.broken').scrollIntoView();
});

/* Relevant styles */
.working-inline {
  padding-top: 60px;
  margin-top: -60px;
}

.working-block {
  padding-top: 60px;
  margin-top: -60px;
}

/* Allow scrolling to the top */
body {
  padding-top: 60px;
}

/* Only for the demo */
body { margin: 0; }

header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  background-color: tomato;
  color: white;
  width: 100%;
  height: 60px;
  line-height: 60px;
  text-align: center;
}

[class^='working'],
[class^='broken'] {
  font-size: 3rem;
}

<header>
  scroll to...
  <button class="scroll-to-working-inline">working inline element</button>
  <button class="scroll-to-working-block">working block element</button>
  <button class="scroll-to-broken">broken element</button>
</header>

<main>
  <p>Sql daemon epoch all your base are belong to us packet system perl semaphore. Interpreter warez pragma kilo worm back door baz continue chown blob unix Dennis Ritchie stack mutex bar throw fopen man pages linux. Sql suitably small values bit infinite loop pwned rm -rf.</p>

  <a class="working-inline">Working inline</a>

  <p>Syn baz man pages unix vi crack leapfrog semaphore fail pwned afk null socket cd long leet emacs Donald Knuth bin grep todo pragma stdio.h January 1, 1970. Alloc gc system new finally sql stack trace syn mainframe cat machine code memory leak server salt flood tunnel in back door thread. Bytes fatal throw ctl-c Dennis Ritchie over clock eof tera perl regex.</p>

  <div class="working-block">Working block element</div>

  <p>Public injection class unix malloc error script kiddies packet less fail int I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that. Tarball memory leak double rsa pwned public all your base are belong to us. False bytes bang bar tarball semaphore warez cd port daemon exception mountain dew sql mainframe gcc ifdef chown private.</p>

  <div class="broken">Broken element</div>

  <p>Daemon bubble sort protected mutex overflow grep snarf crack warez I'm compiling bit if memory leak Starcraft nak script kiddies long it's a feature. Hello world public server James T. Kirk injection terminal wannabee race condition syn alloc. Gobble leapfrog finally bypass concurrently while irc gurfle do back door blob man pages sql over clock.</p>

  <p>Char hello world then man pages ascii long salt while char fatal do boolean tunnel in system else foo packet sniffer float terminal int default. Trojan horse ssh ifdef /dev/null chown cache error protocol afk todo rm -rf mainframe piggyback pwned regex xss warez Starcraft try catch stdio.h bubble sort. It's a feature I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that *.* port bypass ip.</p>

  <p>Stdio.h epoch mutex flood wannabee do race condition sql access exception. Bar pragma man pages dereference flush todo highjack while buffer bit nak big-endian syn xss salt for d00dz. Leslie Lamport linux server error hexadecimal snarf tunnel in rm -rf firewall then shell all your base are belong to us.</p>

  <p>Ascii gcc grep int flood kilo linux access mailbomb hash *.* fork semaphore frack else win bar ssh Leslie Lamport. Man pages strlen cache gnu segfault tarball race condition perl packet sniffer root cookie private chown d00dz January 1, 1970. Rsa public crack bit warez throw for void concurrently ip mutex.</p>

  <p>Char hello world then man pages ascii long salt while char fatal do boolean tunnel in system else foo packet sniffer float terminal int default. Trojan horse ssh ifdef /dev/null chown cache error protocol afk todo rm -rf mainframe piggyback pwned regex xss warez Starcraft try catch stdio.h bubble sort. It's a feature I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that *.* port bypass ip.</p>

  <p>Stdio.h epoch mutex flood wannabee do race condition sql access exception. Bar pragma man pages dereference flush todo highjack while buffer bit nak big-endian syn xss salt for d00dz. Leslie Lamport linux server error hexadecimal snarf tunnel in rm -rf firewall then shell all your base are belong to us.</p>

  <p>Ascii gcc grep int flood kilo linux access mailbomb hash *.* fork semaphore frack else win bar ssh Leslie Lamport. Man pages strlen cache gnu segfault tarball race condition perl packet sniffer root cookie private chown d00dz January 1, 1970. Rsa public crack bit warez throw for void concurrently ip mutex.</p>

  <p>Char hello world then man pages ascii long salt while char fatal do boolean tunnel in system else foo packet sniffer float terminal int default. Trojan horse ssh ifdef /dev/null chown cache error protocol afk todo rm -rf mainframe piggyback pwned regex xss warez Starcraft try catch stdio.h bubble sort. It's a feature I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that *.* port bypass ip.</p>

  <p>Stdio.h epoch mutex flood wannabee do race condition sql access exception. Bar pragma man pages dereference flush todo highjack while buffer bit nak big-endian syn xss salt for d00dz. Leslie Lamport linux server error hexadecimal snarf tunnel in rm -rf firewall then shell all your base are belong to us.</p>

  <p>Ascii gcc grep int flood kilo linux access mailbomb hash *.* fork semaphore frack else win bar ssh Leslie Lamport. Man pages strlen cache gnu segfault tarball race condition perl packet sniffer root cookie private chown d00dz January 1, 1970. Rsa public crack bit warez throw for void concurrently ip mutex.</p>
</main>

以下代码产生一个平滑滚动到元素顶部的固定标题偏移量：

var topOfElement = document.querySelector('#targetElement').offsetTop - XX;
window.scroll({ top: topOfElement, behavior: "smooth" });

其中 XX 是固定标题的高度。

滚动边距顶部：$header-height；

对于现代浏览器：在您要链接/滚动到的元素上，将 scroll-margin-top css 属性设置为所需的顶部偏移量。 （它可能应该被称为 scroll-offset-top。）

* {
  scroll-margin-top: 100px;
}

Docs - Works in modern browsers - Codepen demo

links = [...document.getElementsByClassName("js-link")]
links.forEach(element => {
  element.addEventListener("click", e => {
    e.preventDefault()
    document.getElementById(e.target.dataset.target).scrollIntoView({
      behavior: "smooth",
      block: "start",
      inline: "nearest"
    })
  })
})

body {
  margin: 0;
}

header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 100px;
  background: #eee;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

header a {
  padding: 0.5em;
}

h1 {
  padding: 0.7em;
}

* {
  scroll-margin-top: 100px;
}

p {
  padding: 1em;
}

<header>
  <h1>page title</h1>
  <nav>
    <a href="#p1" class="js-link" data-target="p1">1</a>
    <a href="#p2" class="js-link" data-target="p2">2</a>
    <a href="#p3" class="js-link" data-target="p3">3</a>
    <a href="#p4" class="js-link" data-target="p4">4</a>
    <a href="#p5" class="js-link" data-target="p5">5</a>
  </nav>
</header>

<main>
  <p id="p1">
    paragraph 1.
    <br> Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
    It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsu
  </p>
  <p id="p2">
    paragraph 2.
    <br> Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
    It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsu
  </p>
  <p id="p3">
    paragraph 3.
    <br> Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
    It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsu
  </p>
  <p id="p4">
    paragraph 4.
    <br> Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
    It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsu
  </p>
  <p id="p5">
    paragraph 5.
    <br> Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
    It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsu
  </p>
</main>

尝试以下操作。这对我来说很有效：

  const headerHeight = 50; /* PUT HEADER HEIGHT HERE */
  const buffer = 25; /* MAY NOT BE NEEDED */
  const scrollToEl = document.querySelector("#YOUR-ELEMENT-SELECTOR");

  const topOfElement = window.pageYOffset + scrollToEl.getBoundingClientRect().top - headerHeight - buffer;
  window.scroll({ top: topOfElement, behavior: "smooth" });

一个很好的简单解决方案（受 Sanyam Jain 的评论启发）是使用 {block: 'center'} 垂直居中选择，如下所示：

scrollIntoView({block: 'center'})

编辑 - 我遗憾地在 MDN 页面上发现此功能是“实验性的 - 不应在生产中使用”。此外，IE 不支持它（如果需要的话）。

如果有人在 scrollIntoView 之后遇到容器 div 的上边距被忽略的问题，那么与其将元素滚动到视图中，不如相对于其父滚动容器执行 scrollTop，如下所示：

var topOfElementToView= $('#elementToScroll').position().top;
$('#parentScrollingContainer').scrollTop(topOfElementToView);

得到了 user113716 在此线程上的答案： How to go to a specific element on page?

我怀疑对个人有用的东西在很大程度上取决于他们的页面布局，所以这个答案旨在作为一个额外的选择而不是篡夺任何人。

我需要做的就是传递 false 以滚动到视图 scrollIntoView(false)

it('should be able to click a button selector', function () {
    let EC = protractor.ExpectedConditions;
    let button = element(by.css('.my-button-css));

    browser.executeScript('arguments[0].scrollIntoView(false)', button.getWebElement()).then(function () {
        browser.wait(EC.elementToBeClickable(button), 3000).then(function () {
            expect(button.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
            button.click();

            // more test logic here

        });
    });
});

感谢 reboot jeff

如果有人修复了滚动后隐藏 HeaderTitle 的导航栏，这里是解决方案（基于 @coco puffs 的答案和 this one ）：

let anchorLinks = document.querySelectorAll('a[href^="#"]')

for (let item of anchorLinks) {
  item.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
    let hashVal = item.getAttribute('href')
    let topOfElement = document.querySelector(hashVal).offsetTop - 70

    window.scroll({ top: topOfElement, behavior: "smooth" })
    history.pushState(null, null, hashVal)
    e.preventDefault()
  })
}

在代码中使用了 70px 。

对我来说，将元素滚动到窗口的中心是可行的。

scrollIntoViewIfNeeded({ block: "center" }) 很好地做到了这一点，但不幸的是只有有限的浏览器兼容性 ( https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/scrollIntoViewIfNeeded )。它不适用于 IE 和 Firefox。

但是，您可以很容易地自己构建此函数：

function scrollIntoCenter(element) {
  // first scroll element into view. This means element is at the very top.
  element.scrollIntoView();

  // calculate new scrollYPosition by subtracting half of window-height
  let y = window.scrollY - window.innerHeight/2;

  // scroll up by half of window height
  window.scroll(0, y);
}